5 DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN TANZANIA

Tanzania is a stable democracy in East Africa, home to 54 million people and a rapidly growing economy. Despite concerns over the creeping authoritarianism of President John Mafuguli, Tanzania is experiencing an economic boom with 7 percent GDP growth registered in 2016. Through investments in infrastructure and energy projects, Tanzania’s government hopes to pull millions out of poverty. Here are five development projects in Tanzania:

Kikonge Dam and Hydropower Project

The African Development Bank’s African Water Facility (AWF) is providing Tanzania with a 2 million euro grant for a feasibility study for a multipurpose energy project in Kikonge, in the southwest of the country. The Kikonge dam, irrigation, and hydropower project would contribute to agricultural development in the region and improve water supply to local communities. Kikonge would boost Tanzania’s hydropower supply by 53 percent, allowing the government to invest in further development projects in Tanzania.

World Bank’s Tanzania Rural Electrification Expansion Program

The World Bank is financing a project that will connect 2.5 million poor Tanzanian households to the national electricity grid by 2021. The Tanzania Rural Electrification Expansion Program will also build the country’s renewable energy capacity and contribute to the government’s energy development projects in Tanzania. “Access to electricity is critical to extend economic opportunities and reduce poverty,” said Bella Bird, World Bank country director for Tanzania.

Nordic Development Fund’s Sustainable Charcoal Business Development Fund

The Sustainable Charcoal Business Development Fund seeks to reduce deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions in Tanzania, providing sustainable charcoal for businesses as an alternative to unsustainable wood. The Nordic Development Fund’s project has succeeded in reducing deforestation and mitigating emissions, as well as contributing to local and small business development projects in Tanzania.

Dar-es-Salaam Maritime Gateway Project

The International Development Association is backing the $345 million Dar-Es-Salaam Maritime Gateway Project that will refurbish and upgrade the port of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania’s coastal former capital and largest city. The port is a hub for regional trade, with about 35 percent of its cargo going to and from landlocked neighbors in south and east Africa. As the volume of trade is set to double by 2030, the project will expand and deepen the port’s berths as well as improving its rail and transport links to support other development projects in Tanzania. “Improvement of the port’s infrastructure is long overdue,” said Deusdedit Kakoko, Director General of the Tanzania Ports Authority.

USAID’s Tusome Pamoja (Let’s Read Together) Project

USAID partners with the Tanzanian government in its flagship education project, Tusome Pamoja, or Let’s Read Together in Kiswahili, Tanzania’s most-spoken language. Launched in 2016, the project aims for improved student outcomes in Kiswahili for grades one through four in primary school, working with teachers and providing materials for students, teachers, and all stakeholders. Over five years, Tusome Pamoja seeks to reach around 1.4 million children from 3,000 elementary schools across Tanzania.

As Tanzania seeks outside investment to build newer infrastructure in its ports and cities, the government is also investing in other development projects in Tanzania targeting education, energy, and deforestation. Investments in renewable energy and electrification will connect more Tanzanians to the grid and could help the country reduce poverty and boost development beyond its impressive economic growth rate

UTAMADUNI NA MAENDELEO YA TANZANIA

Nchi ya Tanzania ilizaliwa mwaka 1964 baada ya Tanganyika na kisiwa cha Zanzibar kuungana chinia ya serikali mmoja. Julius K Nyerere (Kiongozi mkuu wa TANU) na Abeid Amana Karume (Kiongozi mkuu wa ASP) ndio walioongoza muungano huu.

Siasa na Ukoloni

Karne kadhaa kabla ya mwaka huu, Tanganyika ilikuwa koloni ya Urenu kuanzia karne ya 15 had ya 17, ambapo Sultan wa Oman akashika nchi. Baada ya hapo, Ujerumani iliongeza Tanganyika katika orodha yake ya wakoloni mpaka Vita Kuu 1. Baada ya hapo, Uingereza uliiweka chini ya uongozi wa Shirikisho la Mataifa. Hata hivyo, Taganyika ilipata uhuru wake Desemba 9 mwaka 1961 kutoka kwa ukoloni wa Waingereza. Ila, chakushangaza kidogo ni kwamba siku hii ndio iliyokubalika kama siku ya uhuru ya Tanzania, wakati Tanzania haikuwepo had Aprili 26th 1964.

Ingawa matukio haya ni muhimu katika historia ya Tanzania, kuna mengine kama:

1967 – Kwenye Maadhimisha ya Arusha, Nyerere alianzisha rasmi mchakato wa ujamaa na uchumi wa kujitegemea

1977 – Chama Cha Mapinduzi linaundwa baada ya TANU na ASP kuungana.

1978 – Majeshi ya Uganda yanaingia na kutawala kipande cha nchi.

1979 – Majeshi ya Tanzania yanaingia Uganda, yakikamata Kampala, mji mkuu, na kusaidia kumtoa Rais Idi amin

1985 – Nyere anastaafu na Rais wa Zanzibar, Ali Hassan Mwinyi, anakuwa Rais wa Tanzania.

1992 – Katiba inarekebishwa kuruhusu mfumo wa vyama vingi vya siasa

1995 – Uchaguzi wa kwanza wa vyama vingi unafanyika

Historia ya Kiasili na Utamaduni

Olduvai Gorge

Kuna uhusiano gani kati ya mkonge na Olduvai Gorge? Zote zipo kwenye maeneo ambapo ushaidi wa mababu wa kwanza kwa binadamu, upo. Jina la Olduvai Gorge, ambayo ni ukosefu wa kuandika Oldupai ambayo ni jina la mimea ya mkonge yanayoota hapo, uligunduliwa na Loui na Mary Leakey kati ya miaka ya 1930 – 1950. Sasa, hii inamaanisha kwamba mababu ya binadamu walikuwa watanzania? Huwezi jua!

Makabila  

Tanzania ina zaidi ya makabila 120 na ilipata uhuru bila damu kumwagika.

Kati ya makabila haya, 4 zinajulikana zaidi ya zingine kwa zababu tofauti, zikiwemo:

• Wasukuma, kabila kubwa zaidi Tanzania
• Wachagga, kabila inayojulikana kwa kufanya biashara
• Wamakonde, kabila inayojulikana kwa vinyago vya mbao
• Wamasai, wapiganaji hodari na wafugaji.

Lugha

Kiswahili ni mchanganyiko wa lahaja za kibantu pamoja na kiarabu. Nyerere alikuwa mpiga debe mkubwa wa Swahili na ikawa lugha ya taifa ya Tanzania. Hii imesaidia kuweka umoja kwenye nchi ilio na zaidi ya kabila 120, zote zikiwa na lugha yao.

Salamu na kusalimiana ni kitu muhimu kwenye utamaduni wa Tanzania. Iwe unaingia ofisini, umeenda dukani au unakutana na marafiki, kusalimiana na ulionao au walio karibu nawe ni muhimu. Pia, ‘Jambo’ sio salamu inayotumika Tanzania. Salamu ya kawaida ni Habari/Habari yako/Habari za saa hizi. Salamu zisizo rasmi ni kama Mambo/Mambo vipi?/kwema?/ Salama?

Nguo na Vitambaa Asili

Tanzania ina aina mbili za mavazi zinazojulikana kokote nchini.

Kanga ni kitambaa cha pamba linalo valiwa na wanawake, iki fungwa kiunoni kwenda chini. Asili yake ni ni kutoka wanawake wa Zanzibar katika karne ya 19. Ni nyepesi, yenye rangirangi na inamatumizi mengi kama taulo, scafu ya kichwani na mengineyo. Umaarufu wake umekuwa na siku hizi ni kawaida kukuta methali ikiwa imeandikwa kwenye kanga.

Kitenge,ina rangi kali na nzitu zinazoendana na michoro yaliyomo. Tofauti kubwa kati ya kitenge na n kanga ni kwamba kitenge ni nzito zaidi. Pia, siku hizi bukta, mashati na t-shirt za kitenge zimeenea mjini. Zaidi ya hapo, mitindo ya vitenge vimeanze kuonekana kwenye dunia ya mitindo na mavazi.

Jiografia

Tanzania inajisifia sana kwa kuwa ina Mlima Kilimanjaro, mlima mrefu kuliko zote Africa na Ziwa Viktoria, ziwa inyokwenda chini kuliko yote. Kuelewa ukubwa wa Tanzania vizuri, iko mpakani na Kenya na Uganda (Kaskazini); Burundi, Rwanda na DRC (Magharibi) na Msumbiji, Zambia na Malawi (Kusini). Ongezea bahari la India lilo pwani, na utaanza kuelewa ukubwa wa Tanzania.

Ukipata muda, funga safari za kwenda Kilimanjaro kutoka Dar es Salaam ukisindikizwa na milima ya Usambara, kwa mfano. Kun mengi ya kuona!

Nchi ya Amani

Kuanzia siasa na watu wake, ardhi na lugha, historia ya Tanzania ina mambo mengi. Kwa ujumla, watanzania ni watu tulivu wenye heshima na uvumulivu. Nchi hii imetoka mbali na inajiendeleza polepole ila vizuri. Ila kuna matatizo makubwa mbali mbali. Lakini, kwa kifupui nchi inaendelea vizuri.

GET TO KNOW THE WILDLIFE SECTOR IN TANZANIA

The Wildlife conservation in Tanzania dates back in 1891, when laws controlling hunting were first enacted by the German rule. These laws regulated the off take, hunting methods and trade in wildlife, with some endangered species being fully protected. Selous Game Reserve was the first game reserve established in 1905 by the Germans and was gazetted in 1922. Game Reserves were chosen mainly for their concentration of big game rather than their biological diversity.

The British Government established the Game Department in 1921. The role of the game department was to administer game reserves, enforce hunting regulation and protect people and crops from problem animals. Later on Ngorongoro crater and Serengeti Game Reserve were established in 1928 and 1929 respectively.

Tanganyika was famous for its species diversity, numbers specifically of big game, and spectacular landscapes. In those early days it attracted a steady stream of wealthy hunters. The tourist hunting industry dates back in 1946 when game controlled areas were established and divided into hunting blocks whereby Professional hunters and their clients could hunt trophy animals.

In 1961 there were three (3) National Parks, nine (9) Game Reserves and the Ngorongoro Conservation Area. After independence it was the policy of the Government to continue with the extension of the Game Reserves and National Parks, and many new parks and reserves were gazetted.

Functions of the wildlife sector
Regulation
- Administration and regulation of wildlife and wetlands laws,
- Formulation of sound Policy, strategies and programmes for policy implementation
- Issue and administer all types of wildlife resources user rights and trading licenses
- Administer management plans for Wildlife PAs and Ramsar sites.

Facilitation and coordination
- Coordinate and monitor policy implementation and give due recognition to operations of other sectors policies
- Promotion of participation of stakeholders in conservation and sustainable utilization of wildlife and wetland resources,
- Promotion of wildlife and wetlands resources for economic development, and
- Promotion of information sharing and exchange of expertise nationally, regionally and internationally.

Service provider
- Provide technical know how to stakeholders
- Provide professional standards in conservation

Mandates
Administratively the wildlife sector has divided its mandates into Central and Local Governments. The Central Government includes ministries, executive agencies, NCAA, TANAPA Parastatal organization and independent departments, while the Local Government includes District Councils, Wards and Village Councils. The role of Central Governments is to provide clear national policy and regulatory framework stimulate and promote participation of various stakeholders in the implementation of policy, manage core wildlife protected areas and providing professional standards and technical assistance in conservation and utilization of resources.

Agencies Responsible in Managing the Wildlife and Wetlands in Tanzania
Wildlife Division (WD) is responsible for the management of Game Reserves (GRs), Game Controlled Areas (GCAs) and all wildlife outside protected area boundaries and Wetlands. Also the WD facilitates the establishment of Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs), creates awareness and disseminates information about wildlife management to the village communities in their village lands.

Tanzania National Parks Authority (TANAPA) is a parastatal organization responsible for the management of National Parks.

Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA) a parastatal organization responsible for the management of Ngorongoro Conservation Area.

District Councils are responsible for conservation of wildlife outside national parks, game reserves and Ngorongoro Conservation Area, and protect people’s lives and properties from dangerous and destructive wild animals.

Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI) administer wildlife research in Tanzania with an overall objective of providing scientific information and advice to the government and wildlife management authorities on the sustainable conservation of wildlife.

College of African Wildlife Management MWEKA (CAWM) provides need-based training to protected area and wildlife managers by offering a variety of awards for long courses in Wildlife Management.

Policy and Legal Framework
Laws relevant to wildlife conservation include the Wildlife Conservation Act No. 5 of 2009 and its subsidiary legislations:
- Ngorongoro Conservation Act (CAP 284 R.E. 2002)
- Tanzania National Parks Act (CAP 282 R.E. 2002)
- Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute Act (CAP 260 R.E. 2002)
- Mweka CAP R.E.2002)
- The Environmental Management Act 2004
- The Regulation of Land Tenure (Established Villages Act (CAP 267 R.E. 2002)
- Local Government (District Authorities) Act (CAP 287 R.E. 2002)
- Natural Resources Act (CAP 259 R.E. 2002)
- Forest Act No. 14 2002
- Fisheries Act (CAP 279 R.E. 2002)
- Tanzania Forest Research Institute Act (CAP 277 R.E. 2002)
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute Act (CAP 280 R.E. 2002)
- National Museum of Tanzania Act (CAP 281 R.E. 2002).

ONE OF THE AFRICAN LION, Mwl. JK NYERERE

Julius Kambarage Nyerere (Swahili pronunciation: [ˈdʒuːlius kɑmˈbɑɾɑgɑ ɲɛˈɾɛɾɛ]; 13 April 1922 – 14 October 1999) was a Tanzanian anti-colonial activist, politician, and political theorist. He governed Tanganyika as Prime Minister from 1961 to 1962 and then as President from 1963 to 1964, after which he led its successor state, Tanzania, as President from 1964 to 1985. A founding member of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) party—which in 1977 became the Chama Cha Mapinduzi party—he chaired it until 1990. Ideologically an African nationalist and African socialist, he promoted a political philosophy known as Ujamaa.

Born in Butiama, then in the British colony of Tanganyika, Nyerere was the son of a Zanaki chief. After completing his schooling, he studied at Makerere College in Uganda and then Edinburgh University in Scotland. In 1952 he returned to Tanganyika, married, and worked as a teacher. In 1954, he helped form TANU, through which he campaigned for Tanganyikan independence from the British Empire. Influenced by the Indian independence leader Mahatma Gandhi, Nyerere preached non-violent protest to achieve this aim. Elected to the Legislative Council in the 1958–1959 elections, Nyerere then led TANU to victory at the 1960 general election, becoming Prime Minister. Negotiations with the British authorities resulted in Tanganyikan independence in 1961. In 1962, Tanganyika became a republic, with Nyerere elected its first president. His administration pursued decolonisation and the "Africanisation" of the civil service while promoting unity between indigenous Africans and the country's Asian and European minorities. He encouraged the formation of a one-party state and unsuccessfully pursued the Pan-Africanist formation of an East African Federation with Uganda and Kenya. A 1963 mutiny within the army was suppressed with British assistance.

Following the Zanzibar Revolution of 1964, the island of Zanzibar was unified with Tanganyika to form Tanzania. After this, Nyerere placed a growing emphasis on national self-reliance and socialism. Although his socialism differed from that promoted by Marxism–Leninism, Tanzania developed close links with Mao Zedong's Marxist–governed China. In 1967, Nyerere issued the Arusha Declaration which outlined his vision of ujamaa. Banks and other major industries and companies were nationalised; education and healthcare were significantly expanded. Renewed emphasis was placed on agricultural development through the formation of communal farms, although these reforms hampered food production and left Tanzania dependent on foreign food aid. His government provided training and aid to anti-colonialist groups fighting white-minority rule throughout southern Africa and oversaw Tanzania's 1978–1979 war with Uganda which resulted in the overthrow of Ugandan President Idi Amin. In 1985, Nyerere stood down and was succeeded by Ali Hassan Mwinyi, who reversed many of Nyerere's policies. He remained chair of Chama Cha Mapinduzi until 1990, supporting a transition to a multi-party system, and later served as mediator in attempts to end the Burundian Civil War.

Nyerere was a controversial figure. Across Africa he gained widespread respect as an anti-colonialist and in power received praise for ensuring that, unlike many of its neighbours, Tanzania remained stable and unified in the decades following independence. His construction of the one-party state and use of detention without trial led to accusations of dictatorial governance, while he has also been blamed for economic mismanagement. He is held in deep respect within Tanzania, where he is often referred to by the Swahili honorific Mwalimu ("teacher") and described as the "Father of the Nation".

AFRIKA NA UTAMADUNI WA WAAFRIKA

Jump to navigationJump to seaUtamaduni wa Afrika unajumuisha tamaduni zote ambazo ziliwahi kuweko katika bara la Afrika.

Dhana ya utamaduni wa Afrika nzima ilijadiliwa kwa makini katika miaka ya 1960 na 1970 katika muktadha wa harakati ya Négritude, lakini imepoteza mtindo katika masomo ya Afrika.

Mpasuko mkuu ni kati ya Afrika ya Kaskazini (pamoja na Chad na Pembe la Afrika), ambayo ni sehemu ya ulimwengu wa Kiislamu, na Afrika ya kusini kwa Sahara, ambayo imegawanywa katika idadi kubwa ya tamaduni za kikabila, zikiwemo za Niger-Congo (sanasana za Kibantu), Nilo-Saharan katika maeneo ya Sahara na Sahel na sehemu za Afrika ya Mashariki na Khoisan (wazawa wachache wa Tanzania na Kusini mwa Afrika).

Uenezi mpana wa Kibantu unaojumuisha maeneo ya Afrika ya Magharibi, Afrika ya Mashariki, Afrika ya Kati na vilevile Afrika ya Kusini, ni matokeo ya uenezi wa Wabantu katika milenia ya 1 BK. Utumizi mpana wa Kiswahili kama lingua franca unaonyesha zaidi athari ya Kibantu juu ya utamaduni wa "Afrika nzima".

Watu[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Asili ya wakazi wengi wa Afrika ni kuwa wazawa.

Afrika ina makabila mengi ambayo hayawezi kuhesabika, na vikundi vya kikabila na vya kijamii. Baadhi ya vikundi hivi vinaashiria wakazi wengi ambao ni mamilioni ya watu. Vingine ni vikundi vidogo vya watu elfu kadhaa. Baadhi ya nchi zina zaidi ya makabila 20 tofauti, na ni tofauti sana katika imani.

Lugha[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Kati ya lugha maarufu zaidi zinazozungumzwa ni Kiarabu, Kiswahili na Kihausa. Nchi chache za Afrika hutumia lugha moja na kwa sababu hii, lugha rasmi kadhaa zinatumika, za Kiafrika na za kutoka nje. Baadhi ya Waafrika pia wanaweza kuzungumza lugha mbalimbali kama vile Kimalagasi, Kiingereza, Kifaransa, Kireno, Kihispania, Kibambara, Kisotho na nyinginezo.Bara la Afrika lina mamia ya lugha, na kama lahaja zinazozungumza na makabila tofauti zinajumuishwa, idadi ni kubwa zaidi. Kupitia makadirio mengi, Afrika ina zaidi ya lugha elfu. Lugha na lahaja hizo zote hazina umuhimu sawa: baadhi huzungumzwa na watu mia chache tu, nyingine huzungumzwa na mamilioni.

Lugha za Afrika huonyesha umoja wa tabia na vilevile utofauti. Familia nne kuu na maarufu za lugha za kienyeji ni:

• Lugha za Kiafrika-Kiasia ni familia ya lugha zaidi ya 240 zinazotumiwa na watu milioni 285 walioenea katika Pembe la Afrika, Afrika ya Kaskazini, Asia ya Magharibi na maeneo ya Sahel.
• Familia ya Lugha za Kinilo-Sahara inajumuisha lugha zaidi ya mia moja zinazozungumzwa na watu milioni 30, hasa huzungumzwa nchini Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda na kaskazini mwa Tanzania.
• Familia ya Lugha za Kiniger-Kongo inahusisha sehemu kubwa ya Afrika kusini kwa Sahara na pengine: ndiyo familia kubwa ya lugha duniani miongoni mwa lugha nyingine. Idadi yao kubwa ni lugha ya Kibantu inayozungumzwa sana katika Afrika kusini kwa Sahara.
• Lugha za Khoisan zina idadi ya lugha hamsini na zinazungumzwa kusini mwa Afrika na takriban watu 120,000. Baadhi ya lugha za Khoisan ziko katika hatua ya kutokomea. Jamii za Khoi na San ndizo zinazochukuliwa kama wakazi asili wa sehemu hii ya Afrika.

Senta ya mapema ya maandiko ilikuwa African Ink Road.

Pamoja na nchi chache mashuhuri katika Afrika ya Mashariki, karibu nchi zote za Afrika zilisiliki lugha rasmi zilizoasilika kutoka nje ya bara na kuenea kupitia ukoloni au uhamiaji wa binadamu. Kwa mfano, katika nchi mbalimbali, Kiingereza na Kifaransa hutumiwa kwa mawasiliano katika nyanja za umma, kama vile serikali, biashara, elimu na vyombo vya habari. Kiarabu, Kireno na Kiafrikaans ni mifano la lugha zisizo za asili ya Kiafrika ambazo hutumika na mamilioni ya Waafrika leo, katika nyanja za umma na za binafsi. Tofauti ni Kimalagasi kisiwani Madagaska, ambako Waafrika walihamia kutoka barani wakikuta wenyeji kutoka Indonesia.

Sanaa na Afrika[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Afrika ina mila tajiri ya sanaa ^[1]. Sanaa za Afrika hujieleza katika aina mbalimbali za uchongaji wa mbao, shaba na matendo ya sanaa ya ngozi. Sanaa ya Afrika pia inajumuisha uchongaji, uchoraji, ufinyanzi, mavazi ya mwili na ya kichwa katika sherehe na mikutano ya kidini.

Utamaduni wa Afrika daima umetilia mkazo vile mtu anavyojitokeza na johari zimebaki vidude muhimu ya kibinafsi. Vipande vingi vya johari vimetengenezwa na simbi au vifaa kama vya simbi. Vilevile, miundo ya maskhara zinatengenezwa kwa umakini na ni sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa Afrika. Maskhara hutumika katika sherehe mbalimbali kuashiria mizimu na vizuka, wahusika katika hadithi na miungu.

Katika mila nyingi ya sanaa ya Afrika, baadhi ya mandhari adhimu kwa utamaduni wa Afrika hujirudia kama vile wapenzi wawili, mwanamke na mtoto, mume na silaha au mnyama, na mtu kutoka nje au mgeni. Wapenzi wawili wanaweza kuwakilisha mizimu, mwanzilishi wa jamii, wapenzi wawili waliooana au mapacha. Mandhari ya wapenzi wawili adimu huonyesha undani wa wanaume na wanawake. Yule mama na watoto au watoto hufumbua hamu kubwa ya wanawake wa Afrika kupata watoto. Mandhari pia inaashiria mama mirihi na watu kama watoto wake. Mandhari ya mtu na silaha au mnyama inaashiria fahari na nguvu. Mgeni anaweza kuwa ametokea kutoka baadhi ya makabila au awe mtu kutoka nchi nyingine, na zaidi upotovu wa mgeni huonyesha pengo kubwa kutoka kwa mgeni.

Fathi Hassan anachukuliwa kama mwakilishi wa sanaa ya kisasa ya Afrika.

Folklore na dini ya kimila[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Kama tamaduni zote za binadamu, "Folklore" ya kiafrika na masimulizi huashiria pande mbalimbali za utamaduni wa Afrika ^[2]. Kama karibu staarabu na tamaduni zote, hadithi za mafuriko zimekuwa zikienea katika maeneo mbalimbali ya Afrika. Kwa mfano, kulingana na hadithi ya chuchu au Mtwa, kinyonga aliposikia kelele ya ajabu akiwa mtini, shina la mti huo ulifunguka na maji ilimwagika kama gharika kuu iliyoenea kote ardhini. Wapenzi wa kwanza wa binadamu waliibuka kutoka majini. Vilevile, hadithi moja kutoka Cote d'Ivoire inasema kwamba mhisani mmoja alipatiwa kila kitu alichokuwa nacho. Mungu wake, Ouende , alimtuza kwa kumpa utajiri, alimshauri aondoke kutoka eneo hilo, na alituma miezi sita ya mvua kuharibu jirani wake wachoyo.

Upishi[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Afrika ni bara kubwa na vyakula na vinywaji vyake hudhaniwa mivuto ya kienyeji, na utumizi wa vyakula vya kikoloni vya kimila, vikijumuisha pilipili, njugu na mahindi, vilivyoanzishwa na wakoloni. Upishi wa Afrika ni mchanganyiko wa matunda na mboga, maziwa na bidhaa za nyama. Mlo wa kijiji cha Afrika mara nyingi huwa maziwa na bidhaa za maziwa. Wanyama na samaki hukusanywa katika eneo kubwa la Afrika.

Upishi wa kimila wa Kiafrika ina tabia ya utumizi wa wanga kama umakini, ikifuatwa na kitoweo chenye nyama au mboga, au yote mawili. Mihogo na viazi vikuu ndizo mboga kuu. Waafrika pia hutumia mboga zilizopashwa moto na ambazo zina pilipili. Vyakula vya mboga vilivyopashwa moto au kuchemshwa, mbaazi, maharagwe na nafaka, mihogo, viazi vikuu na viazi vitamu huliwa kwa wingi. Katika kila eneo la Afrika, kuna aina mbalimbali za matunda ya pori na mboga ambazo hutumika kama chakula. Mtengomaji na ndizi ni baadhi ya matunda yanayojulikana.

Tofauti hujulikana katika tabia za kula na kunywa barani Afrika. Hivyo, Afrika Kaskazini, pamoja na Mediteranea kutoka Moroko hadi Misri zina tabia tofauti za chakula kuliko Waafrika wa Sahara ambao hula mlo wa kujikimu. Nigeria na sehemu za pwani za Afrika Magharibi hupenda vyakula vya pilipili. Idadi ya Waafrika ambao si Waislamu pia hutumia vileo, ambavyo huenda vyema na vyakula vingi vya Kiafrika. Pombe inayojulikana sana ndani ya Afrika ni mvinyo kutoka Ethiopia inayoitwa Tej iliyotengenezwa kwa kutumia asali.

Mbinu za kupika za Afrika Magharibi mara nyingi kuchanganya samaki na nyama, pamoja na samaki iliyokaushwa. Upishi wa Afrika Kusini na nchi jirani kwa kiasi kikubwa zinapika vyakula vya machanganyiko, kwa kupata mvuto kutoka wahamiaji kadhaa ambao ni pamoja na Wahindi ambao walileta supu ya adesi, (dals) na mchuzi, Malays waliokuja na michuzi yao ya viungo, na Wazungu na "mixed grills" ambao sasa inajumuisha nyama ya wanyama wa Afrika.

Kimila, vyakula vya Afrika Mashariki ni tofauti kwa maana kwamba bidhaa za nyama haviko kwa ujumla. Ng'ombe, kondoo na mbuzi walichukuliwa kama aina ya sarafu, na kwa ujumla wanyama hao hawatumiwi kama vyakula. Mivuto ya Kiarabu inajitokeza katika upishi wa vyakula vya Afrika Mashariki - mchele uliopikwa kwa viungo katika mtindo fulani, matumizi ya karafuu, mdalasini na viungo vingine vingi, na juisi.

Waethiopia wanadai kuwa wa kwanza kulima kahawa, na wana sherehe za aina nyingi za kahawa, kama sherehe ya chai ya Kijapani. Kutoka Ethiopia, kahawa ilienea Yemen, kutoka huko ilienea Arabia, na kutoka huko ikaenea duniani kote.